Resources

Patents, publications & gallery.

Patents, publications & gallery.

Explore the ideas and research behind SenSanna’s sensing technology, from passive wireless sensors to the systems that read them.

Ideas behind the technology.

Explore our work in surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing, passive wireless measurement and sensor identification.

Sensing & measurement

Passive wireless hydrogen sensing

Passive wireless hydrogen sensing

A palladium nanocluster coating changes the acoustic response when exposed to hydrogen, allowing a remote reader to measure hydrogen concentration using a passive sensing element.

Original patent title

Passive SAW-based hydrogen sensor and system

Passive wireless temperature measurement

Passive wireless temperature measurement

Uses two acoustic paths with different temperature responses so a wireless reader can determine temperature from changes in the returned signal.

Original patent title

SAW temperature sensor and system

Chemical and biological sensing arrays

Chemical and biological sensing arrays

Combines microfluidic channels, selective coatings and acoustic-wave sensing to detect multiple chemical or biological targets in a fluid sample.

Original patent title

Acoustic wave array chemical and biological sensor

Monitoring ultra-thin film deposition

Monitoring ultra-thin film deposition

Tracks changes in acoustic response as thin films or nanomaterials are deposited, with reference measurements to compensate for temperature changes.

Original patent title

Surface acoustic wave monitor for deposition and analysis of ultra-thin films

Passive power-line voltage and current monitoring

Passive power-line voltage and current monitoring

Uses electric- and magnetic-field probes with remotely interrogated acoustic sensors to measure conductor voltage and current, with provisions for phase and temperature measurement.

Original patent title

Remotely powered line monitor

Strain measurement with temperature compensation

Strain measurement with temperature compensation

Separates strain-sensitive and temperature-reference sensing elements within a thermally coupled package, allowing strain measurements to compensate for temperature changes.

Original patent title

Strain sensors with enhanced temperature compensation

Wireless readout & field sensing

Reading sensor signals amid interference

Reading sensor signals amid interference

Combines carefully timed transmissions with synchronized signal accumulation to strengthen wanted sensor responses and reduce the influence of radio interference.

Original patent title

Interference immune radio

Wireless electric- and magnetic-field sensing

Wireless electric- and magnetic-field sensing

Couples field probes to acoustic sensor tags through voltage-controlled impedance elements, enabling remote measurement of electric and magnetic fields around conductors.

Original patent title

Low loss acoustic wave sensors and tags and high efficiency antennas and methods for remote activation thereof

Acoustic tags, identification & filters

Frequency-coded acoustic sensors

Frequency-coded acoustic sensors

Shapes transducer and reflector geometry to encode sensor responses in frequency and time, helping a wireless reader distinguish acoustic sensing devices.

Original patent title

Frequency coded sensors incorporating tapers

Separating sensors by response timing

Separating sensors by response timing

Uses distinct acoustic delays and identification codes to select groups of passive sensors and distinguish their responses during wireless interrogation.

Original patent title

Coded acoustic wave sensors and system using time diversity

Coded passive sensor tags

Coded passive sensor tags

Uses acoustic pulse-compression and coding structures to return identification and measurement information from passive sensor tags.

Original patent title

SAW sensor tags with enhanced performance

Identifying multiple passive sensors

Identifying multiple passive sensors

Combines identification codes, response timing and operating frequency so a reader can distinguish individual passive sensors in a shared sensing network.

Original patent title

Individually identifiable surface acoustic wave sensors, tags and systems

Low-interference codes for sensor networks

Low-interference codes for sensor networks

Develops code sets with low mutual interference, helping wireless readers separate the identification and measurement responses of multiple passive sensor tags.

Original patent title

Individually identifiable surface acoustic wave sensors, tags and systems

Low-loss acoustic sensor-tag structures

Low-loss acoustic sensor-tag structures

Uses dispersive transducers and acoustic coupling structures to shape the responses of passive sensor tags.

Original patent title

Low loss acoustic wave sensors and tags and high efficiency antennas and methods for remote activation thereof

High-frequency acoustic filter structures

High-frequency acoustic filter structures

Uses stepped acoustic-delay structures to shape a filter’s response, offering a way to build high-frequency acoustic filters and sensor tags where conventional electrode patterning becomes difficult.

Original patent title

Alternative structure for realizing a transversal SAW filter

Publications

Research behind the sensing.

Explore publications on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. Browse by theme to read or download the full documents.

Temperature & humidity sensing

A 16-sensor wireless humidity system

Sixteen individually identifiable passive SAW humidity sensors and a prototype reader, with laboratory demonstrations of short-range wireless measurement.

Publication · 4 pages · 859 KB

Original publication title

16-Sensor passive wireless SAW humidity sensor system

Temperature sensors with tailored sensitivity

Individually coded SAW temperature sensors with design-controlled sensitivity and wireless selection of individual sensors from a group.

Publication · 2 pages · 292 KB

Original publication title

Coded wireless temperature sensors with design specified sensitivity

Fast humidity sensing with polymer films

Studies PVA and PVP coatings on SAW devices, showing rapid, reversible responses to changes in humidity.

Publication · 6 pages · 825 KB

Original publication title

Thin polymer film based rapid surface acoustic wave humidity sensors

Nanostructured films for humidity sensing

A spin-coated lithium-chloride-doped titanium dioxide film enables rapid, reversible humidity measurement using conductometric and SAW techniques.

Publication · 6 pages · 4.3 MB

Original publication title

TiO2/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications

Chemical & hydrogen sensing

Identifying organic chemicals with sensor arrays

A portable SAW sensor array combines selective polymer coatings and chemometric analysis to identify and quantify volatile organic chemicals.

Publication · 3 pages · 104 KB

Original publication title

Detection of organic chemicals by SAW sensor array

Hydrogen sensing with palladium nanoparticles

Palladium nanoparticle coatings change acoustic-wave propagation when exposed to hydrogen, producing rapid, reversible sensing at room temperature.

Publication · 6 pages · 1.2 MB

Original publication title

Palladium Nanoparticle-Based Surface Acoustic Wave Hydrogen Sensor

Palladium thin films for hydrogen detection

Describes palladium sensing films on lithium niobate SAW devices and how hydrogen-induced changes can be read through their acoustic response.

Publication · 2 pages · 439 KB

Original publication title

Preparation of Pd Thin Films and their Application in Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Sensing Hydrogen

Sensor coatings compatible with metal electrodes

Investigates a self-assembled monolayer chemistry for lithium niobate that avoids etching aluminum features during coating formation.

Publication · 5 pages · 286 KB

Original publication title

Self-Assembled Monolayer Compatible with Metal Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate

Wireless sensor networks & coding

Passive wireless sensors and sensor tags: a review

Reviews developments in passive wireless SAW sensors, individual sensor coding, harsh-environment operation and interfaces to external sensing elements.

Publication · 2 pages · 611 KB

Original publication title

Review of recent passive wireless SAW sensor and sensor-tag activity

Expanding networks with time and frequency diversity

Combines coded delay lines with time and frequency diversity to increase the number of passive sensors that a wireless system can distinguish.

Publication · 4 pages · 929 KB

Original publication title

Enhancement of SAW multi-sensor systems using a combination of time and frequency diversity techniques

Orthogonal frequency coding for sensor identification

Explores spread-spectrum coding for identifying SAW sensor tags and retrieving measurements, with device results and transceiver simulations.

Publication · 8 pages · 1.2 MB

Original publication title

Orthogonal frequency coding for SAW tagging and sensors

Designing SAW sensors with frequency codes

Presents orthogonal frequency coding device designs and measured results, including comparisons with coupling-of-modes predictions.

Publication · 4 pages · 314 KB

Original publication title

SAW sensors using orthogonal frequency coding

Selecting low-interference codes for sensor networks

Describes methods for screening DSSS and Gold codes to reduce cross-correlation and code collisions in passive wireless multi-sensor systems.

Publication · 4 pages · 769 KB

Original publication title

Techniques for optimal DSSS code selection for SAW multi-sensor systems

Radiation effects & resilient sensing

SAW resonators in space radiation environments

Examines total-dose radiation effects on SAW resonators and how substrate material and surface coatings influence performance changes.

Publication · 7 pages · 529 KB

Original publication title

Ionizing space radiation effects on surface acoustic wave resonators

Comparing resonator responses to ionizing radiation

Reports measurements across different quartz substrates, coatings and radiation types to assess changes in SAW resonator performance.

Publication · 6 pages · 594 KB

Original publication title

The effects of ionizing radiation on SAW resonators

SAW devices, filters & fabrication

High-frequency transducers using conventional fabrication

Presents a multilevel, half-wavelength transducer structure designed for high-frequency SAW operation using conventional fabrication techniques.

Publication · 6 pages · 378 KB

Original publication title

A high frequency SAW device transducer structure using conventional manufacturing processes

Extending the operating frequency of SAW devices

Reviews transducer structures, wave-propagation approaches and materials for extending SAW devices into higher-frequency wireless applications.

Publication · 4 pages · 379 KB

Original publication title

High frequency SAW devices

Narrowband filtering with reflective arrays

Uses position-weighted reflective arrays to realize a narrowband SAW filter, comparing modeled and measured amplitude and phase responses.

Publication · 5 pages · 404 KB

Original publication title

Reflective Array SAW Narrowband Filters

Silicon nitride films for acoustic devices

Studies PECVD deposition conditions for silicon nitride on lithium niobate and measures their effects on acoustic loss, reflectivity and velocity dispersion.

Publication · 7 pages · 386 KB

Original publication title

Deposition parameter studies and surface acoustic wave characterization of PECVD silicon nitride films on lithium niobate

High-frequency, low-loss SAW filters

Jacqueline H. Hines’s 1996 publication on multilevel transducer structures, fabrication, modeling and experimental high-frequency, low-loss SAW devices.

Publication · 223 pages · 5.9 MB

Original publication title

High Frequency Low Loss Surface Acoustic Wave Filters

Acoustic modeling & design methods

Broadband diffraction theory

Derives a two-dimensional impulse-response approach to SAW diffraction, treating isotropic and anisotropic substrates.

Publication · 5 pages · 396 KB

Original publication title

A new approach to broadband SAW diffraction theory

Modeling complete-device diffraction effects

Extends broadband diffraction analysis to complete SAW devices and compares predicted impulse responses with experimental performance.

Publication · 5 pages · 481 KB

Original publication title

SAW device impulse response modeling using broadband diffraction theory

Practical coupling-of-modes modeling

Converts coupling-of-modes solutions into a circuit-matrix form for modeling full SAW devices, including reflections and matching circuitry.

Publication · 6 pages · 391 KB

Original publication title

Practical implementation of coupling-of-modes theory for SAW device modeling

Extracting transducer equivalent-circuit parameters

Uses network-analyzer measurements to separate transducer capacitance, parasitic resistance and acoustic parameters for device modeling.

Publication · 6 pages · 333 KB

Original publication title

A simple transducer equivalent circuit parameter extraction technique

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