Resources
Explore the ideas and research behind SenSanna’s sensing technology, from passive wireless sensors to the systems that read them.
Ideas behind the technology.
Explore our work in surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing, passive wireless measurement and sensor identification.
Sensing & measurement
A palladium nanocluster coating changes the acoustic response when exposed to hydrogen, allowing a remote reader to measure hydrogen concentration using a passive sensing element.
Original patent title
Passive SAW-based hydrogen sensor and system
- United States · US 7,268,662 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses two acoustic paths with different temperature responses so a wireless reader can determine temperature from changes in the returned signal.
Original patent title
SAW temperature sensor and system
- United States · US 7,434,989 B2Patent PDF ↗
Combines microfluidic channels, selective coatings and acoustic-wave sensing to detect multiple chemical or biological targets in a fluid sample.
Original patent title
Acoustic wave array chemical and biological sensor
- United States · US 7,500,379 B2Patent PDF ↗
Tracks changes in acoustic response as thin films or nanomaterials are deposited, with reference measurements to compensate for temperature changes.
Original patent title
Surface acoustic wave monitor for deposition and analysis of ultra-thin films
- United States · US 9,121,754 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses electric- and magnetic-field probes with remotely interrogated acoustic sensors to measure conductor voltage and current, with provisions for phase and temperature measurement.
Original patent title
Remotely powered line monitor
- United States · US 10,620,238 B2Patent PDF ↗
Related international grants
Canada · CA 3,041,515Patent PDF ↗
Separates strain-sensitive and temperature-reference sensing elements within a thermally coupled package, allowing strain measurements to compensate for temperature changes.
Original patent title
Strain sensors with enhanced temperature compensation
- United States · US 12,025,516 B2Patent PDF ↗
Wireless readout & field sensing
Combines carefully timed transmissions with synchronized signal accumulation to strengthen wanted sensor responses and reduce the influence of radio interference.
Original patent title
Interference immune radio
- United States · US 9,977,930 B2Patent PDF ↗
Related international grants
Canada · CA 2,991,706Patent PDF ↗Related international grants
Europe · EP 3,320,623 B1Patent PDF ↗Related international grants
Japan · JP 6,947,725Grant certificate PDF ↗Related international grants
India · IN 480755Grant certificate PDF ↗
Couples field probes to acoustic sensor tags through voltage-controlled impedance elements, enabling remote measurement of electric and magnetic fields around conductors.
Original patent title
Low loss acoustic wave sensors and tags and high efficiency antennas and methods for remote activation thereof
- United States · US 10,747,967 B2Patent PDF ↗
Related international grants
Europe · EP 3,320,616 B1Patent PDF ↗Related international grants
Japan · JP 6,993,327Grant certificate PDF ↗
Acoustic tags, identification & filters
Shapes transducer and reflector geometry to encode sensor responses in frequency and time, helping a wireless reader distinguish acoustic sensing devices.
Original patent title
Frequency coded sensors incorporating tapers
- United States · US 7,791,249 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses distinct acoustic delays and identification codes to select groups of passive sensors and distinguish their responses during wireless interrogation.
Original patent title
Coded acoustic wave sensors and system using time diversity
- United States · US 8,094,008 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses acoustic pulse-compression and coding structures to return identification and measurement information from passive sensor tags.
Original patent title
SAW sensor tags with enhanced performance
- United States · US 8,441,168 B2Patent PDF ↗
Combines identification codes, response timing and operating frequency so a reader can distinguish individual passive sensors in a shared sensing network.
Original patent title
Individually identifiable surface acoustic wave sensors, tags and systems
- United States · US 9,537,677 B2Patent PDF ↗
Develops code sets with low mutual interference, helping wireless readers separate the identification and measurement responses of multiple passive sensor tags.
Original patent title
Individually identifiable surface acoustic wave sensors, tags and systems
- United States · US 11,831,470 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses dispersive transducers and acoustic coupling structures to shape the responses of passive sensor tags.
Original patent title
Low loss acoustic wave sensors and tags and high efficiency antennas and methods for remote activation thereof
- United States · US 11,151,337 B2Patent PDF ↗
Uses stepped acoustic-delay structures to shape a filter’s response, offering a way to build high-frequency acoustic filters and sensor tags where conventional electrode patterning becomes difficult.
Original patent title
Alternative structure for realizing a transversal SAW filter
- United States · US 12,224,736 B2Patent PDF ↗
Publications
Research behind the sensing.
Explore publications on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. Browse by theme to read or download the full documents.
Temperature & humidity sensing
A 16-sensor wireless humidity system
Sixteen individually identifiable passive SAW humidity sensors and a prototype reader, with laboratory demonstrations of short-range wireless measurement.
Publication · 4 pages · 859 KB
Original publication title
16-Sensor passive wireless SAW humidity sensor system
Temperature sensors with tailored sensitivity
Individually coded SAW temperature sensors with design-controlled sensitivity and wireless selection of individual sensors from a group.
Publication · 2 pages · 292 KB
Original publication title
Coded wireless temperature sensors with design specified sensitivity
Fast humidity sensing with polymer films
Studies PVA and PVP coatings on SAW devices, showing rapid, reversible responses to changes in humidity.
Publication · 6 pages · 825 KB
Original publication title
Thin polymer film based rapid surface acoustic wave humidity sensors
Nanostructured films for humidity sensing
A spin-coated lithium-chloride-doped titanium dioxide film enables rapid, reversible humidity measurement using conductometric and SAW techniques.
Publication · 6 pages · 4.3 MB
Original publication title
TiO2/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications
Chemical & hydrogen sensing
Identifying organic chemicals with sensor arrays
A portable SAW sensor array combines selective polymer coatings and chemometric analysis to identify and quantify volatile organic chemicals.
Publication · 3 pages · 104 KB
Original publication title
Detection of organic chemicals by SAW sensor array
Hydrogen sensing with palladium nanoparticles
Palladium nanoparticle coatings change acoustic-wave propagation when exposed to hydrogen, producing rapid, reversible sensing at room temperature.
Publication · 6 pages · 1.2 MB
Original publication title
Palladium Nanoparticle-Based Surface Acoustic Wave Hydrogen Sensor
Palladium thin films for hydrogen detection
Describes palladium sensing films on lithium niobate SAW devices and how hydrogen-induced changes can be read through their acoustic response.
Publication · 2 pages · 439 KB
Original publication title
Preparation of Pd Thin Films and their Application in Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Sensing Hydrogen
Sensor coatings compatible with metal electrodes
Investigates a self-assembled monolayer chemistry for lithium niobate that avoids etching aluminum features during coating formation.
Publication · 5 pages · 286 KB
Original publication title
Self-Assembled Monolayer Compatible with Metal Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
Wireless sensor networks & coding
Passive wireless sensors and sensor tags: a review
Reviews developments in passive wireless SAW sensors, individual sensor coding, harsh-environment operation and interfaces to external sensing elements.
Publication · 2 pages · 611 KB
Original publication title
Review of recent passive wireless SAW sensor and sensor-tag activity
Expanding networks with time and frequency diversity
Combines coded delay lines with time and frequency diversity to increase the number of passive sensors that a wireless system can distinguish.
Publication · 4 pages · 929 KB
Original publication title
Enhancement of SAW multi-sensor systems using a combination of time and frequency diversity techniques
Orthogonal frequency coding for sensor identification
Explores spread-spectrum coding for identifying SAW sensor tags and retrieving measurements, with device results and transceiver simulations.
Publication · 8 pages · 1.2 MB
Original publication title
Orthogonal frequency coding for SAW tagging and sensors
Designing SAW sensors with frequency codes
Presents orthogonal frequency coding device designs and measured results, including comparisons with coupling-of-modes predictions.
Publication · 4 pages · 314 KB
Original publication title
SAW sensors using orthogonal frequency coding
Selecting low-interference codes for sensor networks
Describes methods for screening DSSS and Gold codes to reduce cross-correlation and code collisions in passive wireless multi-sensor systems.
Publication · 4 pages · 769 KB
Original publication title
Techniques for optimal DSSS code selection for SAW multi-sensor systems
Radiation effects & resilient sensing
SAW resonators in space radiation environments
Examines total-dose radiation effects on SAW resonators and how substrate material and surface coatings influence performance changes.
Publication · 7 pages · 529 KB
Original publication title
Ionizing space radiation effects on surface acoustic wave resonators
Comparing resonator responses to ionizing radiation
Reports measurements across different quartz substrates, coatings and radiation types to assess changes in SAW resonator performance.
Publication · 6 pages · 594 KB
Original publication title
The effects of ionizing radiation on SAW resonators
SAW devices, filters & fabrication
High-frequency transducers using conventional fabrication
Presents a multilevel, half-wavelength transducer structure designed for high-frequency SAW operation using conventional fabrication techniques.
Publication · 6 pages · 378 KB
Original publication title
A high frequency SAW device transducer structure using conventional manufacturing processes
Extending the operating frequency of SAW devices
Reviews transducer structures, wave-propagation approaches and materials for extending SAW devices into higher-frequency wireless applications.
Publication · 4 pages · 379 KB
Original publication title
High frequency SAW devices
Narrowband filtering with reflective arrays
Uses position-weighted reflective arrays to realize a narrowband SAW filter, comparing modeled and measured amplitude and phase responses.
Publication · 5 pages · 404 KB
Original publication title
Reflective Array SAW Narrowband Filters
Silicon nitride films for acoustic devices
Studies PECVD deposition conditions for silicon nitride on lithium niobate and measures their effects on acoustic loss, reflectivity and velocity dispersion.
Publication · 7 pages · 386 KB
Original publication title
Deposition parameter studies and surface acoustic wave characterization of PECVD silicon nitride films on lithium niobate
High-frequency, low-loss SAW filters
Jacqueline H. Hines’s 1996 publication on multilevel transducer structures, fabrication, modeling and experimental high-frequency, low-loss SAW devices.
Publication · 223 pages · 5.9 MB
Original publication title
High Frequency Low Loss Surface Acoustic Wave Filters
Acoustic modeling & design methods
Broadband diffraction theory
Derives a two-dimensional impulse-response approach to SAW diffraction, treating isotropic and anisotropic substrates.
Publication · 5 pages · 396 KB
Original publication title
A new approach to broadband SAW diffraction theory
Modeling complete-device diffraction effects
Extends broadband diffraction analysis to complete SAW devices and compares predicted impulse responses with experimental performance.
Publication · 5 pages · 481 KB
Original publication title
SAW device impulse response modeling using broadband diffraction theory
Practical coupling-of-modes modeling
Converts coupling-of-modes solutions into a circuit-matrix form for modeling full SAW devices, including reflections and matching circuitry.
Publication · 6 pages · 391 KB
Original publication title
Practical implementation of coupling-of-modes theory for SAW device modeling
Extracting transducer equivalent-circuit parameters
Uses network-analyzer measurements to separate transducer capacitance, parasitic resistance and acoustic parameters for device modeling.
Publication · 6 pages · 333 KB
Original publication title
A simple transducer equivalent circuit parameter extraction technique
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